Boundary conflicts, dual ownership and encroachment — the common disputes and the legal routes to settle them.
Even a genuine parcel can carry a dispute that surfaces only after you buy. Knowing the common categories — and how they are resolved — helps you screen a listing before committing.
Boundary and area disputes
The single most common conflict: the boundary on the ground doesn't match the Napi map or the neighbour's understanding. A field survey against the cadastral map settles most of these; unresolved ones go to the Survey Office or court.
Dual ownership and fraudulent transfer
Duplicate or forged Lalpurja, or a parcel sold twice, are resolved by tracing the authoritative record at the Malpot/LRIMS. This is precisely why cross-checking the original against government records is essential.
Encroachment and tenancy
Public-land encroachment and tenancy (mohiyani) claims can cloud title, especially in the Terai. These are settled through the local administration and courts, and can take time.
The best defence is prevention
A geo-tagged site visit plus a documents-and-title check catches the large majority of these before money changes hands. Buying a verified, dispute-screened listing is far cheaper than litigating one.